Civil Party Constitution
What is a civil party constitution? Becoming a civil party allows you to become a party to a criminal trial in order to obtain compensation (damages) from the perpetrator of the acts. Example: an association that fights against discrimination can, under certain conditions, become a civil party to support one or several victims and request […]
Wedding Ceremony
A few days before my wedding celebration, a city hall employee informs me that it is mandatory to appear bareheaded during the ceremony. She specifies that it’s due to secularism: if I don’t remove my headscarf, the marriage will not be celebrated. Is this true? FALSE The principle of secularism, as well as the obligation […]
How to Prove I Am a Victim?
While commuting to work on public transport, Imane is confronted by an individual who hurls racial insults and threats at her. She remains shocked but is unsure how to react to this situation. How can she prove her victim status? To have one’s victim status legally recognized, it is necessary to prove the existence of […]
Student Cards and Religious Symbols
During the back-to-school period, many young women are forced to provide their educational institution’s administration with photos where they are ‘bare-headed’, under penalty of not being issued their student card. What does the law say? In accordance with freedom of conscience, displaying a religious symbol in higher education should not represent any obstacle, even in […]
Time Limits for Appealing a Judgment Rendered by a Criminal Court
When an initial decision has been rendered by a criminal court, it can, under certain conditions, be challenged. The case is then re-examined and re-judged by a court of appeal. The appeal procedure is thus based on the existence of different levels of jurisdiction. An appeal is possible when the decision specifies that it is […]
Time Limits for Appealing a Judgment Rendered by a Civil Court
When an initial decision has been rendered by a court, it can, under certain conditions, be challenged. The case is then re-examined and re-judged by an appellate court. The appeal procedure is thus based on the existence of different levels of jurisdiction. An appeal is possible when the decision specifies that it is rendered in […]
Time Limits for Appealing a Decision of the Administrative Court
When an initial decision has been rendered by an administrative court, it can, under certain conditions, be contested. The case is then re-examined and re-judged by an administrative court of appeal. The appeal procedure is thus based on the existence of different levels of jurisdiction. An appeal is possible when the decision specifies that it […]
The Journey of a Complaint
The criminal procedure in France takes place in several stages: Filing of the complaint Judicial investigation Hearing (trial) The police investigation The filing of a simple complaint initiates an investigation entrusted to the judicial police, which must verify the existence of an offense. If the complaint has been filed at the police station or gendarmerie, […]
Incitement to Hatred, Violence, and Discrimination
What does the law say? It is necessary to distinguish between incitement to hatred, discrimination, and violence from insult and defamation. Incitement to hatred is the act of encouraging others, through speeches, writings, or any other means, to express hatred, violence, or discrimination against certain people because of, for example, their religion. There is a […]
Fasting and Work
Ayoub fasts during the month of Ramadan. Instead of going to lunch with his colleagues as he does the rest of the year, he uses his lunch break to rest in his office. His employer criticizes him for isolating himself and no longer participating in company lunches. Can Ayoub be criticized for fasting? What does […]